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Forest fragmentation
Forest fragmentation is a form of habitat fragmentation, occurring when forests are cut down in a manner that leaves relatively small, isolated patches of forest known as forest fragments or forest remnants. The intervening matrix that separates the remaining woodland patches can be natural open areas, farmland, or developed areas. Following the principles of island biogeography, remnant woodlands act like islands of forest in a sea of pastures, fields, subdivisions, shopping malls, etc. These fragments will then begin to undergo the process of Ecosystem decay.
==Natural causes==
Forests may also be fragmented by natural processes such as fire and changes in climate. For example, 300 million years ago in the Carboniferous the tropical rainforests in Euramerica were fragmented due to a change in climate. There was a great loss of amphibian diversity and simultaneously the drier climate spurred the diversification of reptiles. These changes, however, occurred gradually over million of years, not like the human-driven destruction of tropical rainforests today.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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